The chapter opens with a quotation from Master Kong Fuzi, also known as Confucius:
"Guide them by edicts, keep them in line with punishments, and the people will stay out of trouble but will have no sense of shame. Guide them by virtue, keep them in line with the rites, and they will, besides having a sense of shame, reform themselves." (Confucius, The Analects, II, 3)
What does this passage suggest about Confucius's views?
A- Confucius was concerned by lawlessness within his society.
B- Confucius felt that leaders needed to understand the innate nature of the people over whom they ruled.
C- Confucius believed that if leaders conducted themselves well, the people would come to understand the difference between right and wrong

C- Confucius believed that if leaders conducted themselves well, the people would come to understand the difference between right and wrong.

Explanation

What helped me figure out the answer is "Keep them in line with punishments, and the people will stay out of trouble but will have no sense of shame. Guide them by virtue, keep them in line with the rites, and they will, besides having a sense of shame, reform themselves."

C- Confucius believed that if leaders conducted themselves well, the people would come to understand the difference between right and wrong.

Explanation:

answer: karl marx, max weber, and emile durkheim (the fourth could be considered georg simmel)

explanation:

small european communities with shared traditions consolidated into large new states (apex)