Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other – reformers inspired millions of Europeans to challenge not only the theology of the – Church, but also their political institutions and leaders. Europe divided into warring Protestant and Catholic states, and their rivalries flourished in the Americas as well, greatly influencing the future – of the Americas.

True

Explanation:

Both Martin Luther and John Calvin were hugely influential in European religous history. They challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, and the Pope in Rome, and inspired state leaders to reject catholicism, and embrace protestanism in their territories.

These events led to several violent episodes, including the Thirty Years' War, which was fought mostly in the Holy Roman Empire (modern day Germany) among Catholic and Protestant states, and killed millions.

The Protestant Reformation had a great impact in the American Colonies. The English colonies became mostly protestant, and only Maryland had a significant catholic population. The Spanish and Portuguese colonies, on the other hand, became catholic because their home countries were so.

pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.