What does the passage justifies? but when a long train of abuses and usurpations… it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.

d. George Washington led the Continental Army.

Explanation:

The Continental Congress commissioned George Washington as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army on June 19, 1775. Washington was selected over other candidates such as John Hancock based on his previous military experience and the hope that a leader from Virginia could help unite the colonies.

it provided for selection of government employees through competitive examinations. it also made it unlawful to fire or demote covered employees for political reasons or to require them to give political service or payment, and it set up a civil service commission to enforce the law.

explanation:

c.) biotic: snails; abiotic: temperature climate