37. there shall be one war chief for each nation and their duties shall be to carry messages for
their lords and to take up the arms of war in case of emergency.
cal

It is also stated that the war chiefs will not participate in the Confederate Council, but will instead watch its progress receive and pass on warnings from people.

This is a citation from The Constitution of the Iroquois Nations: The Great Binding Law, Gayanashagowa. This Confederation consits of five indigenous North American nations (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca).

This document was transmitted orally through centuries, and dates back to the 14th Century. It is also known as the "Great Peace" between these nations.

Matters of this Constitution consists of aspects of tribal and regional governance, social organization, rights and duties of leaders, protection of other rights, etc. It is believed that this constitution served as an influence for United States Constitution.

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athenian democracy developed around the fifth century bc in the greek city-state (known as a polis) of athens, comprising the city of athens and the surrounding territory of attica, and is often described as the first known democracy in the world. other greek cities set up democracies, most following the athenian model, but none are as well documented as athens'.

it was a political system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. participation was not open to all residents: to vote one had to be an adult, male citizen, i.e., not a foreign resident, a submissive or a woman, and the number of these was "probably no more than 30 percent of the total adult population."[1]

the longest-lasting democratic leader was pericles. after his death, athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolutions towards the end of the peloponnesian war. it was modified somewhat after it was restored under eucleides; the most detailed accounts of the system are of this fourth-century modification rather than the periclean system. democracy was suppressed by the macedonians in 322 bc. the athenian institutions were later revived, but how close they were to a real democracy is debatable. solon (594 bc), cleisthenes (508/7 bc), and ephialtes (462 bc) contributed to the development of athenian democracy. cleisthenes broke up the power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived rather than on their wealth.

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