"american reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society" assess the validity of this statement in reference to reform movements in three of the following areas.
education,
temperance,
women’s rights,
utopian

The question is incomplete. This is the complete question:

“American reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society” Assess the validity of this statement in reference to reform movements in THREE of the following areas:

Education,

Temperance,

Women’s rights,

Utopian experiments

Answer and Explanation:

The reforms that occurred in America during the period between 1820 and 1860 attracted support (optimism) and criticism (pessimism). The major areas that witnessed a lot of reform were education, women’s rights, temperance, and utopian experiments. With regard to education reforms and utopian experiments, the quote (“American reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society”) is valid because the education reforms were very optimistic; on the other hand, although utopian experiments were mostly optimistic, they were also a bit pessimistic as well. The period between 1820 and 1860 witnessed very labor intensive changes in many policies and societal attitudes when attempts were made to reform education systems and advocate for change in temperance. With regard to women’s rights, the quote (“American reform movements between 1820 and 1860 reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society”) is valid because history proves that there were inspiring movements for women's rights; however, the movements were also faced with challenges and criticism.

the process is called revolution because it was a process of great economic-social transformations that began in england in the xviii century.

the industrial mode of production spread throughout much of the northern hemisphere throughout the xix and early xx centuries.

the effect of this revolution was the distance between the countries, with respect to economic and political power.   after all, not all industrialized at the same time, remaining in the condition of suppliers of raw materials and agricultural products to the industrialized countries.

these differences mark to this day the nations of the world that are divided between developed and developing countries. one way to measure whether a country is advanced is to assess how industrialized it is.