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describe what happened to the muslim government of spain in the early 1000’s.

    The invasion of Hispania began in 711 lead by an army of largely Berber Northwest Africans under the command of Tariq ibn Ziyad, who landed at Gibraltar and campaigned their way northward. The invaders combated the usurper Roderic at the decisive Battle of Guadalete, with support provided to the Saracens by the legitimate heirs to the throne. After establishing a foothold in the region, the initial raids began, leading to the successful conquest of much of Hispania.   At that time there was no Spain only little principalities that fought each other. Finally in 1469 Ferdinand and Isabella married and united the “Spanish kingdoms” and began the Inquisition.  Just at the same time they sent Christopher Columbus to find India, they started burning Muslims and Jews who didn’t pledge allegiance to the Pope of Rome.   It was called the “Inquisition” and finally succeeded in driving the “Moors” back to the Arabic homeland.

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In year 711, an oppressed christian chief went to Musa ibn Nusair, the governor of North Africa, with a plea to help against the tyrannical visigoth ruler of Spain, Roderick.

Musa responded by sending Tariq bin Ziyad with an army of 7000 troops. There is no doubt that Tariq invaded Spain, but the reason for it may have more to do with muslim drive to expand their territory. The Muslim army defeated the Visigoth army easily, and Roderick was killed in the battle. After first victory, the Muslims conquered most of Spain and Portugal. By 720 Spain was largely under Muslim control.

But in the beginning of 1000 the Ummayyed caliphate collapses. Christian kingdom in the north gradually united, and became much more powerful. They expanded their territories through a compaign of reconquest. By the end of the period, the Christian kings conquered virtually all of Muslim al-Andalus, leaving Granada and the surrounding territory as the last bastion of Islamic Iberia.

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