1. the roman catholic church responded to the spread of protestantism in the sixteenth century in several ways. three of those responses are listed below. describe two, using specific facts.

The Inquisition was created in the Middle Ages (13th century) and was directed by the Roman Catholic Church. It was made up of courts that judged all those considered a threat to the doctrines (set of laws) of this institution. All suspects were persecuted and tried, and those who were convicted served sentences ranging from temporary or life imprisonment to death at the stake, where the convicts were burned alive in the public square.

The Society of Jesus was founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola in the Counter-Reformation in the year 1534. He, together with a group of students from the University of Paris, made vows of obedience to the doctrine of the Catholic Church and was recognized by papal bull in 1540.

They soon spread to Portugal, having been requested by D. J. III as missionaries, and acquired great influence in the social environment, between the 16th and 17th centuries. The Jesuits, as they were called the members of the Society of Jesus, were dedicated to missionary and educational work, being mostly educators or confessors of the kings of the time, one of them was D. Sebastião de Portugal.

the first historical instance of china engaging in internationalism was during the han dynasty.[1] at the start of the han dynasty, the huns in the north were attacking the frontiers of han and trying to obtain riches. emperor wu of han wanted to gain an alliance with a country called dayuezhi so the two countries could join together and fight against the huns.[2] to obtain this alliance, emperor wu sent zhang qian to the west to establish economic and cultural connections.[2] history records that during the han dynasty there were four primary avenues of contact between china and europe. they included the northern land route, the central land route, the southern sea route, and the far southern sea route.[1] the most famous of these routes is the central land route, or the classical silk road, comprising a network of roads stretching from northwest china to the ports of syria and the black sea, which passed through the oasis of the turkestans and northern persia.[1] the silk road was significant for chinese emperors because it provided dominance over central asia by developing resources and provided new markets for the export of china's most valuable resources.[1]

no options provided, here,but the answer to this question is often: a historian cites a japanese newspaper article published a year after the end of world war ii in order to draw conclusions about the effect of the war on the japanese economy.

clearly from the answer, the historian alludes to historical sources,and records to aid in analyzing and drawing conclusion on the effect of the war on the economy of japan.