What most fundamentally aided the spread of enlightenment ideas from europe to america?
a-the high literacy rate in american colonies
b-the availability of newspapers in american colonies
c-the intellectual societies established in philadelphia
d-the arrival of more european immigrants to the american colonies
e-the propaganda by american intellectuals such as benjamin franklin

A-the high literacy rate in American colonies

Explanation:

In the central decades of the 18th century (the "century of lights"), the cultural movement of the Enlightenment spread rapidly from France (Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, the encyclopedists) to the Anglo-Saxon world (which in fact had preceded and influenced notably with the scientific and political revolution of the seventeenth-century: Newton, Locke, Berkeley - who resided in America - or Hume), and particularly in the Thirteen Colonies of North America, where it found sufficiently trained elites, an especially favorable public opinion, a high literacy rate, and a free and dynamic press. The intellectual debates had a clear influence on the political and social movement of the American (or "American") revolution, which led to the formation of an independent United States (1776). Among the enlightened Americans were both local characters (Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams or James Wilson) and British people settled in the new nation (Thomas Paine or Joseph Priestley). Most of the so-called "founding fathers" can be considered both politicians and intellectuals of enlightened tendency, who politically defended the concept of the social contract, civil and political rights, and religious tolerance. The reconciliation between reason and faith through a deist sensibility, which rejected dogmas and mysticism and demanded a complete separation between the churches and the State, is characteristic of the American illustration.