The armenian massacre the holocaust and the rape of nanking are examples of?

These are examples of Human rights violation. In the past, many dictatorial governments and colonizers would show their authority through mass murders in order to set an example to their people to what would happen if they went against them.  

i think its the outcome of people's preferences.

in griswold v. connecticut (1965), the supreme court ruled that a state's ban on the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy.