1.
part a: as it is used in paragraph 1, the phrase "closing the slightest avenue" means:
to close or block off a street
putting an end to slavery once and for all
c to prevent slaves from using existing routes of escape
to make slave-owners more aware of the efforts to free slaves

the right choice would be a. culture within the city-state. c. loyalty to the police. d separation by land and sea.

answer: karl marx, max weber, and emile durkheim (the fourth could be considered georg simmel)

explanation:

hello! : )

i think a judge or jury, as they preside over the court and is the central figure in a trial.

hope this and i hope i answered in time!

good luck!

~ destiny ^_^

general allotment act (dawes act) february 8, 1887

amendment to the dawes act, february 28, 1891

commission to the five civilized tribes (dawes commission), march 3, 1893