What are two ways freedom of the press is limited

There are four basic stages at which freedom of the press has been or can

be limited: (1) access to information; (2) prior restraint on publishing

information (censorship, injunctions); (3) liability for publishing (libel and

invasion of privacy suits, fines and imprisonment); and (4) requiring

reporters to testify or otherwise disclose sources or materials gathered in

the course of their employment. While this fourth category technically does

not abridge freedom of the press-it does not bar access or prevent or punish

publications-the “chilling effect” it has upon the ability of reporters to

function and to gain their sources’ confidence certainly merits its inclusion.

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

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