What geographic factors led to the decline of sumer?

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the cultivated soil had poor drainage.

the tigris and euphrates rivers flooded every year, leaving behind dark, fertile soil.

grain fields of one city–state bordered those of another, which caused territorial wars.

it was located in a flat plain, and isolated from trade routes.

the influence of daoism, buddhism, and legalism on chinese culture. unlike confucianism, daoism looked to nature rather than human beings as the source of morality. according to laozi, human society has to conform to the dao (the way), or the essential unifying element of all that is. some interpret dao as nature.

the treaty of brest-litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 march 1918 between the new bolshevik government of russia and the central powers (german empire, austria-hungary, bulgaria, and the ottoman empire), that ended russia's participation in world war i.