Which of the following was a political and social movement intended to address
problems associated with urbanization and industrialization?
a. the labor movement
b. the suffrage movement
c. the progressive movement
d. the temperance movement

The correct option is C. The progressive movement was a political and social movement intended to address  problems associated with urbanization and industrialization.

Explanation:

During the 19th century, a large number of people fled from the rural area to urban areas in U.S. The people of rural and tribal areas accumulated the urban areas in search of a better living and good jobs.

To overcome the problems caused by such increase in population, the progressive movement was initiated. This movement addressed to every matter caused due to urbanization and industrialization. A wide number of reforms in health, education as well as financial sectors were made by the progressive movement.  

for this case we have the following equation:

we apply distributive property to the terms within parentheses.

subtracting 2 on both sides of the equation: