Alosing power party in a federal trial court can

appeal to the us supreme court
appeal to a higher federal court
ask for a retrial in the same court
ask for a different judge in the same court

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful