Why were artisans and merchants considered to be lower on social rank than peasants in shang society

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Why were artisans and merchants considered to be lower on social rank than peasants in Shang society

The Chinese considered this type of work to be unworthy, and so the artisans and merchants had a low status.

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful