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i'm stuck and i can't think straight it's like 5: 13 am been awake since yesterday at 8am

skim paragraphs five and seven of “chicago’s metropolitan growth”.

how did industrialization contribute to chicago’s growth during the 1800s?

select all answers that apply.

1 [{(chicago’s transportation lines attracted new factories.)}]

2 [{(african americans moved to chicago from the southern united states.)}]

3 [{(european immigrants came to chicago looking for jobs.)}]

chicago’s metropolitan growth
chicago began as a village that seemed to have little potential. it had sparse natural resources, a swampy terrain, and few people. no one would have predicted that it would grow to be one of the largest cities in the country. it has become a magnificent urban metropolis that is supremely important to the united states through trading, refining, and transporting goods.

through these changes, the village rapidly urbanized. chicago’s skyline became filled with skyscrapers and factories. people flocked to the city from throughout the united states and foreign lands. only 200 years after its origin as a tiny outpost, chicago stands as a bustling and diverse major city.

a system of connections
chicago owes much of its growth to strong linking infrastructure. early connections through water and roads required relatively little new technology. waterways were used for transporting goods. dirt roads allowed goods to move in and out of the city. with new technology in the 19th century, new modes of transportation emerged. the steam-powered railroad allowed chicago to transform into a major transportation hub. the railroad also added to the size of the city, as neighborhoods sprang up along the rails.

personal transportation evolved from walking to streetcars to personal automobiles. early streetcars that relied on horses were first used in the mid-nineteenth century. these were eventually replaced by more efficient and cheaper electric streetcars by the end of the century, which further allowed masses of workers to arrive at work each day in the city’s growing industries. others in the middle and upper classes relied on personal automobiles by the mid-20th century. expressways and airplane travel were added to the railroads and waterways in the years after world war ii. in this way, chicago became a major hub for a vast network of connections.

living and working patterns developed hand in hand with the emergence of transport technology. early settlements were built along the original dirt trails and waterways. as railways grew in number, buildings were built along the tracks. stockyards and grain depositories were built first, then housing for workers further out on the route. as more skyscrapers and factories were built, additional housing and transportation for workers emerged. many workers lived in apartments, cottages, or bungalows that were connected by public transportation to the sprawling city. eventually, more middle- and upper-class people moved to suburban communities along the outskirts of chicago.

diverse people
the land that would become chicago was originally inhabited by native americans. after the 1832 black hawk war, the indigenous people were removed from the area. settlers then flocked to the area and expanded the city. chicago became populated with diverse ethnic groups over time, all coming there to find better opportunities in this new economic hub.

many europeans immigrated to chicago to fill the increasing amount of jobs. a largely german and irish workforce developed in many neighborhoods. later, many polish and italians made the city home. by the early 1900s, mexicans and african americans migrated out of the south and west and into larger cities like chicago. the mix of cultures had many positives such as diversity and a vibrant, integrated jazz music culture. however, racial tensions also existed. for example, african americans were segregated into certain jobs and neighborhoods by strict housing covenants.

the population was also highly stratified by class. the elite was made up of the business owners, white-collar workers, and commodity traders. skilled workers and unskilled laborers made up an upper working class and lower class. each of these job sectors were important to chicago. however, the inequality in income and conditions often led to unrest. the haymarket affair and pullman factory boycott were notable events of protest and unrest.

through growth, prosperity, and challenges, chicago grew to become a major world city. connecting infrastructure, people, and buildings all expanded to make chicago what it is today. this pattern continues as chicago still draws people from around the country and the globe.

worth 77points