What does it mean that the fall of the roman empire and the start of the european renaissance bookend the period of the middle ages?

john maynard keynes developed new economic theories in response to the stock market crash of 1929. great depression of the 1930s. first and second world wars. economic boom of the 1950s.

it required the unanimous approval of the states before the congress could enact any measure.

the ottoman empire

the christian crusades: conquered constantinople in 1453 ce

alexius sultan of the ottoman empire

fall of avars   by ottomans ended byzantine empire

the ottomans made islammic   the primary religion in the region, replacing orthodox christianity. they did allow the practice of christianity