How did the arrival of european colonists in north america influence interactions between different groups of americans during the mid 17th century?
a) it allowed western tribes to migrate in huge numbers to eastern tribes' territories.
b) it created conflicts between tribes over resources that were traded to europeans.
c) it led tribes to isolate themselves from one another to prevent the spread of disease.
d) it resulted in most tribes uniting in military campaigns against european colonists.

this is a good question! i'll do some research and come back when i have the answer!

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]