Why did many states and empires gain more power over people and territories over the course of medieval and early modern times?

whose power in the senate is equal to the power of the speaker of the house?

b.lincoln had the victory he wanted for emancipation

the church governed the society after the empire fell.   constantine took charge of rome and ended the confusion which had over religion and made christianity as the only religion and that started ruling the roman empire. he also divided the empire into two and fortified the eastern part.   he ruled the eastern part.

i would say the executive branch is because the executive branch is in charge of enforcing the laws and judicial branch is in charge of enforcing but the executive branch is most responsible for it all so i would have to say the executive branch.