Which of the following is true?
a. the orangutan is the most recent common ancestor of all great apes.
b. orangutans and gorillas are more closely related than humans and gorillas.
c. the gorilla is the most recent common ancestor to bonobos, chimps, and humans.
d. humans and gorillas are more closely related than orangutans and gorillas.
e. all great apes walk with an upright gait.

b. Organgutans and gorillas are more closely related than humans and gorillas

Explanation:

We need to take a look at the internet and get a family tree for all the great apes. I searched one and I will upload it so you can check it when you need it. That tree is all what you need to rule out incorrect options. Option a is not correct because the tree shows orangutan is not the common ancestor of all great apes; we can also discard the idea of the gorila being a common ancestor to humans, chimps and bonobos because gorilla actually shares a common ancestor with all of them, so option c is not correct. Basically it all comes down to review the family tree and you will also see humans and gorillas are not more closely related than orangutans and gorillas. Option d is ruled out as well. And what about option e?  Well, that is the only one that does not required  the family tree. Upraight gait is a human characteristic and this why option e is false. So the winner is option b and can be double-checked by looking and the family tree.

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monarchy doesn’t have to have the hereditary element. there have been elective monarchies in the past where you choose your king-for-life and when he dies elect someone else for the job.