When europeans brought new diseases to the americas as part of the columbian exchange, what was the outcome?

the answer is a) james madison.

b) race riots in several cities

c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons

i do believe its (d) it allowed the government to offer pioneers sixty acres of western land if they lived on it and made improvements to it.

explanation: signed into law in may 1862, the homestead act opened up settlement in the western united states, allowing any american, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land. by the end of the civil war, 15,000 homestead claims had been established, and more followed in the postwar years