what are the grandfather clauses examples of?

Why did the crew of the zong ship throw some captive africans overboard? a. there was not enough space in the ship. b. the captives’ deaths were covered by insurance. c. the ship did not have adequate food. d. the ship did not have sufficient crew to care for the sick captives. e. the african captives rebelled against the crew.

After the 9/11 attacks, the united states launched a military offensive against the taliban government in a) iraq b) egypt c) afghanistan d) kuwait

According to the supreme court which of these most likely prompted the arrest of the protest in edward v. south carolina