In contrast to the umayyad dynasty, the caliphs of the abbasid dynasty were not challenged by the forces of local autonomy. allowed non-arabs to play a prominent role in society. did not identify themselves as arabs. rejected persian cultural influence.

Allowed non Arabs to play a prominent role in the society.

Explanation:

The Ummayad Caliphate was the second of the four Islamic Caliphates. It was a feudal Arab empire which ruled over a non-Arab and non-muslim population. The non-Muslims were treated like a second class citizen, irrespective of their religion and it was this discontent among the people which led to the overthrow of Ummayads and Abbasid come to power. The Abbasid's were related to Muhammad's uncle AL -Abbas. Rise of Abbasid caliphate marked the end of the Arabic empire and the beginning of an inclusive and multi ethnic state.

a. "how old man winter was driven back” and “ormuzd and arimanes"

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