After the fall of t roman empire, which political force assumed the civic duties?
a. germanic tribal leaders
b. the carolingians
c. king colvis l
d. the catholic church

Contributing factors  leading  to the harlem renaissance were the great migration of african americans to northern cities, which concentratedambitious  people in places where they could encourage each  other, and the first world war, which had created new industrial work opportunities for tens of thousands of people.