Characteristics of struggling global cities include all of the following except a. unequal access to education and services b. unequal access to finance and the economy c. a lower life expectancy and literacy rates d. an increasing middle class

Characteristics of struggling global cities include all of the following except an increasing middle class. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the fourth option or option "D". Normally in struggling global cities, there is an increase in the lower income people. I hope the answer helps you.