What was the role of economics in driving political changes resulting from the neolithic and industrial revolution

Economic transformation changes the balance of power in a society and this leads to changes in politics and structure.

Explanation:

Neolithic Revolution: the shift to agriculture meant the beginning of cities and larger populations. The small clans with a more or less simple social organization started to give way to more complex societies structured around the crop and the agricultural cycle. Trade and the specialization of work were also factors that altered the social structure. The first notions of property appeared and with them a sharper division of people.

Industrial revolution: the emergence of Capitalists and Merchants challenged the political order of the time. The land was no longer the main attribute of wealth, and titles and honors were less important that factories and workers. Yet, in many nations, industrialist did not have the same political status as noblemen and landlords. The economy changed that.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

it allows shippers to carry commercial goods, which allows them to save time and money.