President nixon claimed that allowed him to keep phone calls secret.

The answer is executive privilege.  This is when the President and members of the executive branch can defy subpoenas by legislative and judicial branches. Presumption of privilege is use when privilege is qualified.  In Nixon’s case, he only declared a generalized need for privilege but the court believed that the interest of obtaining the truth needed priority.

i think it is the byzantine empire

the correct answer is "cut spending on social programs."good luck

explanation: