1)which is the following was characteristic of the british colonies but not the french or spanish religion a. presence of slavery b. religion conversion c. smuggling and piracy d. strict racial hierarchy 2)how did the columbia exchange affect europe? a diseases from the new world decimated the population of the european continent b new crops introduced to europe generated further interest in the new world c enslavement of american indians in europe changed cultural attitudes toward slavery d the items produced by american indians become objects of competition in europe

1. D. Strict racial hierarchy

The three biggest colonial powers, the British Empire, France, and Spain, had lot of similarities, but they also had some differences, especially when it came to the treatment of people fro different races. The French and Spanish initially were discriminatory on racial basis, but changed very quickly, and the French started to accept people from other races, while the Spanish mixed with the native populations and created the mestizos. The British, on the other hand, kept the strict racial hierarchy for much longer. The whites had all the rights, while the people of other races were discriminated on every level, which was hampering their prosper, and was putting them in a very bad situation where they didn't really had any opportunities in life apart from the ones the white people set for them.

2. B. new crops introduced to Europe generated further interest in the New World

The Columbian exchange brought in lot of things from the Old World to the New World and vice versa. One of those things were the crops. The crops from the New World turned out to be very attractive, useful, profitable, so understandably in high demand. This led to an ever growing interest in the New World, as it was obvious that it had lot to offer. Some of the crops that had big influence were the potatoes, tobacco, and corn. The potatoes and corn manged to help a lot with the malnutrition problem, while the tobacco turned out to be the most popular crop used for recreation by the people.

b) he seized power from the directory and appointed himself emperor

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1960: wilma rudolph was the first woman to win three olympic gold medals in track and field at one olympic games. she was an american sprinter from tennessee, she was acclaimed the fastest woman in the world. she was among the most visible black women in america and abroad. she became a role model for black and female athletes. she was also known as a civil rights and women right's pioneer.

1973: billy jean king is an american former number one tennis player. she represented the united states in the federal cup and the wightman cup. for three years she was the usa's captain in the federation cup. she defends gender equality and has been a pioneer for equal and social justice. at the age of 29, she won "the battle of sexes" tennis match against the 55 year old bobby riggs. she was also the founder of women's tennis association and the women's sports foundation.  

1983: tamara mckinney becomes the first american female skier to win the alpine world cup overall championship top. she was the only american to hold that title for a quarter century until 2008.

1992: manon rhéaume, from canada,   becomes the only woman to start in a national hockey league game in an exhibition game for the tampa bay lightning . she played on the canada women's national ice hockey team winning gold medals in 1992 and 1994. and silver medals in 1998. manon marked the first time a woman appeared in a regular season professional game with her first appearance against the salt lake golden eagles.

2013: serena williams won 78 of 82 matches at the age of 31. she is an american professional tennis player. she reached the number 1 ranking for the first time on july, 8, 2002. at the age of 16, she played against karsten braasch the battle of sexes. she was the highest paid female athlete in 2016. she is a unicef ambassador .