•urban area protected by walls• villages outside of the walls allied with the urban area• citizens are often culturally similar• most common in ancient or classical eraswhich demographic concept is being described? empirecity-statenation-stateciviliz ation

i believe the answer to your question is b. pay your bills early

according to the map, most industrialization in europe occurred in the northwest.

the production of coal and lignite deposits was profitable throughout western europe.

the building of railroads transport goods throughout europe.

according to the map, the population trend indicates that more people are moving into cities.

northwest

coal and lignite depostis

railroads

cities