What happened when enlightenment thinkers began to question traditional ideas

They had to either choose enlightenment or the traditional ideas. If they had chose enlightenment they could and would get punish severely or by death for opposing traditional ideas.

Explanation:

The correct answer is: "Enlightenment philosophers developed theories that ended up derrocating the hegemony of the Old Regime institutions, both religious ones and absolute monarchies"

The Enlightenment philosophers, such as Locke, Monstequieu or Rosseau, introduced principles that challenged, and ended the hegemony of the Old Regime institutions. They promoted reason and the scientific method as the alternative to religious dogmatism and superstititions.  

The main Enlightenmnet principles are the following: states should enact bills of citizens' rights, the 'social contract' (proliferation of representative democracies where citizens elected political representatives to create goverments through suffrage, in opposition to the prevailing absolute monarchies whose power was supposed to arise from God's will), and the division of the powers of the state in order to avoid excessive power accumulation in certain sectors, and risks of authoritarism.

so they can defeat there oppenent