(asap)

identify the condition applied to constitutional government in the united states before the ratification of the 14th amendment

a) citizens enjoyed protection from state infringement against their rights
b) the supreme court ruled that under the constitution, african americans are not citizens
c) african american were counted fully when appointing seats in the house of representatives

B) The Supreme Court ruled that under the constitution, African Americans are not citizens

Explanation:

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is one of the post-Civil War amendments, and includes, among others, the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause.

The amendment redefines national citizenship more broadly, nullifying the decision of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), who had excluded slaves and their descendants, from having constitutional rights. An example of the importance of the Fourteenth Amendment can be seen in Brown v. Board of Education, when it was interpreted to prohibit racial segregation in public schools.

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3. reagan. for his eloquency and powerful speeches in his mandates, from 1981 to 1989, reagan earned this nickname, “the great communicator” .

4. george h w bush: despite many presidents had important roles in managing and trying to end the cold war, it was in bush sr's mandate that the berlin wall was materially destroyed, and he was visited by gorbachev in the uspresident from 1989 to 1993.

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6. george w bush: in the begining of his presidency, which lasted until 2009, bush jr faced the greatest terrorist attacks in us and probably the worlds history, in september, 11 of 2001.

7. obama: in attempts to cease a great economical crisis, barack obama signed the controversial recovery act in february 2009, which handled 780-billion dollars.