Athens and sparta were both

countries.
city-states.
monarchies.
empires.

The correct answer is B. City-States.

Explanation

Sparta was a Greek city-state, that along with Athens and Thebes constituted the group of the most important city-states of Ancient Greece. It was located in the Peloponnese peninsula on the banks of the Eurotas River, between the Taigeto and Parnon mountains. Like Sparta, Athens was one of the most important City-State of Ancient Greece, it was characterized as one of the intellectual and religious centers, there were located the Temples of Hephaestus, the Parthenon and the Olympic Temple of Olympic Zeus, the Greater temple of ancient Greece. So, the correct answer is B. City-States.

answer; taking up arms to defend the nation;

must repent and believe in god.

or the book

journey across time - chapter 10 "the rise of christianity"