1. what events led to independence and conflict in india?

It is probably the partition of India which was the division of British and India in 1947 which eventually created two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.

it took two men to wrestle rome back from chaos and turn a republic into an empire. in the first century bc, rome was a republic. power lay in the hands of the senate, elected by roman citizens. but the senators were fighting for power between themselves.