Which progressive reform had the effect of allowing direct democracy

the use of initiatives had the effect of allowing direct democracy.

H O P E  T H I S  H E L P S  <3

The use of initiatives.

Explanation:

It is a process that enables citizens to get into their state legislature  by presenting proposed statutes and constitutional amendments on the ballot.

There are two types of initiatives: direct and indirect.

In the direct ones, the proposals that are better qualified go directly to the ballot. In the indirect ones, the proposals are sent to the legislature, and it can approve the proposal and then it is unnecessary for the measure to go on to the ballot for voters to consider.

i beleive a. is the only possible answer

pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.