How did islam affect northern and eastern africa? use at least two examples from your reading.

Multiple Trajectories of Islam in Africa

Islam had already spread into northern Africa by the mid-seventh century

A.D., only a few decades after the prophet Muhammad moved with his

followers from Mecca to Medina on the neighboring Arabian Peninsula (622

A.D./1 A.H.). The Arab conquest of Spain and the push of Arab armies as far as

the Indus River culminated in an empire that stretched over three continents,

a mere hundred years after the Prophet’s death. Between the eighth and

ninth centuries, Arab traders and travelers, then African clerics, began to

spread the religion along the eastern coast of Africa and to the western and

central Sudan (literally, “Land of Black people”), stimulating the development

of urban communities. Given its negotiated, practical approach to different

cultural situations, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider Islam in Africa in

terms of its multiple histories rather then as a unified movement.

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Islam expansion  in Africa was so important that brought the Arab culture and technology into the African continent.

Explanation:

Islam is one of the religions which is well known by its expansionist movement.  For muslims, sharing their faith is fundamental; even their military campaigns over northern and eastern Africa worked as means to share their beliefs, but also technology, law, tradicions, basically their way of life into such  continent. It helped to structure societies from that region of Africa the way we know them today.  For example, the period of the early Islamic conquest  brought results the  the conquest of the Maghreb, a region which correspond to a shared territory among moderm Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. Additionally, we can also refer to the conquest of Sudan who was also converted to Islam. All those conquest boosted arab trade all over northern, eastern and even western Africa as one of the many effects of Islam in the region.  

the birthmark on georgiana's face alludes to the doctrine of "original sin," being tainted with evil from birth

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