in the statue of athena parthenos, what did she hold that made an overt reference to the athenian victory over the persians in 479 bc?

Athena Parthenos is holding a winged nike figure. The fact is that Athena Nike was always wingless; Nike alone was winged. Athena also appears carrying a palm branch, wreath, or Hermes staff as the messenger of victory. That's precisely why the winged nike is a reference to the Athenian victory over the Persians.

explanation:

the addition to geographic boundaries that might have  kept the people of the huang river civilization from traveling to far distance region is that they had learned about the other river valley civilizations but feared contact would bring invasion.

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