The necessary and proper clause in article 1, section 8 of the constitution gives congress powers.

1. implied
2. expressed
3. ex post facto

I am pretty sure it is implied powers.  Hope this helps.

The correct answer is 1) Implied.

The Necessary and Proper Clause in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress Implied powers.

The US Constitution established the powers for the US Congress, represented in a House of Representatives or Lower chamber, and a Senate of the Upper chamber.

The implied powers are the ones not mentioned in the Constitution, but given to Congress so it can do its job. That is why there is an Elastic Clause in Artilce 1, Section 8.

On the other hand, among the expressed powers granted to Congres are the collection of taxes, to oversee commerce between the states and foreign trade, to establish a post office, to coin money, to support an army and navy, and the power to declare war.

the gutenberg bible was and about 180 copies were sold/made

the answer is a) high entry costs