In the united states, the concept of political parties began during the administration of
a) andrew jackson
b) franklin d. roosevelt
c) george washington
d) abraham lincoln

I’m pretty sure it’s 4, you can check on the calculator

The  most important advantage  of  northeast china  that  mainly contributed toward its being  the  industrialand  technological center  of the  country  in the  1970s  and  1980s  is:   its  juxtaposition with china's  most important industrial  neighbors.