Pasterurization and vaccination inventor

Pasteurization is a process where certain packaged or non-packaged food such as milk or fruit are treated with mild heat. The goal of this process is to eliminate pathogens ( infectious agent or germ) and to extend the product's shelf life.

The inventor of pasteurization was the French scientist Luis Pasteur. In his research he demonstrated that thermal treatment would inactivate unwanted microorganisms in wine.

Vaccination is the application of antigenic material (vaccine)  to stimulate the body's immune system and to develop an immunity to a pathogen (germ).

Smallpox was the first ever disease for which a vaccine was developed. It was invented in 1976 by the English physician Edward Jenner. Jenner was the first person to publish evidence that the vaccine was effective. The name vaccination derives from Latin vacca (cow), because it was derived from a virus affecting cows.

disequilibrium means that either supply is greater than the demand for an available good, or that the demand for a product outstrips the available supply. it implies that the price for a is either too low creating large demand, or too high creating a large surplus of supply.