Which most accurately describes a major impact of the roman catholic church in europe during the middle ages? a) constantine, the dictator of the roman empire, declared christianity the official religion of the roman empire. b) the roman catholic church sought to improve its image and refute detractors with the counter-reformation. c) the roman catholic church commissioned michelangelo to paint scenes from genesis on the ceiling of the sistine chapel. d) pope urban ii issued a call known as the crusades throughout europe for christian warriors to defend the holy land.

The correct answer is d) Pope Urban II issued a call known as the Crusades throughout Europe for Christian warriors to defend the Holy Land.

The rest of the options are events that did not occur during the Middle Ages, which began in 476 with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and end in 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine Empire according to some authors or in 1492 with the discovery of America according to other authors. This reason leaves out of discussion about the relative importance of each of them, given that:

Constantin lived between the years 272 and 337, years before the beginning of the Middle Ages.

Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel between 1508 and 1512, and is one of the main references in the artistic order of the period called Renaissance, being also outside the Middle Ages.

The Counter-Reformation originated in the Council of Trent, which began in the year 1545, also during the Renaissance.

The Crusades began with Pope Urbano II and continued for two centuries in Europe (between 1096 and 1291) and they had a high impact in Medieval Europe:

the correct answer is a) egypt and china.

egypt and china are two of the world’s oldest civilizations known by man. both ancient empires have left a great historic and cultural legacy to the world through archeology. both civilzations developed complex social relations, had deep religious beliefs, had dominion of agriculture and left writing records to understand their customs and culture.

among the requirements to consider a civilization, we find urbanization, writing records, a place of residence, agriculture methods, technological specialization, means of transportation, currency, population density, social stratification, and political integration.

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