The Golden Age of Islam, also known as the Islamic Renaissance, is commonly dated from the eighth century to the thirteenth century, although some extend it until the fourteenth or fifteenth century, during this period, engineers, academics and merchants from the Islamic world They contributed enormously in aspects such as arts, agriculture, economics, industry, literature, navigation, philosophy, science and technology, preserving and improving the classical legacy on the one hand, and adding new inventions and innovations of their own. Muslim philosophers, poets, artists, scientists, merchants and artisans created a unique culture that has influenced societies on all continents.
Some scholars consider Muslim scientists as the founders of modern science, for their development of the first scientific methods and their empirical, experimental and quantitative approach to scientific unknowns.
The first scientific methods were developed in the Islamic world, where important progress was made on methodology, especially thanks to the works of Alhacen in the eleventh century.
Muslim doctors made significant contributions to medicine, including anatomy, experimental medicine, ophthalmology, pathology, pharmaceutical sciences, physiology, surgery, etc.
Ibn Khaldun is recognized as one of the founders of modern sociology, historiography, demography and economics.
The Muslim inventors and engineers of the Middle Ages produced a significant number of inventions. Among these inventors are Abbas Ibn Firnas, the Banu Mūsā brothers, Taqi al-Din, and the most notable of these, Al Jazari.The Golden Age of Islam witnessed a fundamental transformation in agriculture known as the "Muslim Agricultural Revolution", the "Arab Agricultural Revolution" or the "Green Revolution". Thanks to the economic globalization established by the Muslim merchants throughout the Old World, the spread of many plants and cultivation techniques was allowed.
