The 1950 supreme court decision to ban “separate but equal” law schools in texas

The case you describe is:  SWEATT v. PAINTER

Details:

The case of Sweatt v. Painter (1950), challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine regarding racial segregated schooling which had been asserted by an earlier case, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).

Heman Marion Sweatt was a black man who was not allowed admission into  the School of Law of the University of Texas.  Theophilus Painter was the president of the University of Texas at the time.  So that's where the names in the lawsuit came from.

In the case, which made its way to the US Supreme Court, the ultimate decision was that forcing Mr. Sweatt to attend law school elsewhere or in a segregated program at the University of Texas failed to meet the "separate but equal" standard, because other options such as those would have  lesser facilities, and he would be excluded from interaction with future lawyers who were attending the state university's main law school, available only to white students.  The school experience would need to be truly equal in order for the "separate but equal" policy to be valid.

In 1954, another Supreme Court decision went even further. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka extended civil liberties to all Americans in regard to access to all levels of education.  The Plessy v. Ferguson case had said that separate, segregated public facilities were acceptable as long as the facilities offered were equal in quality.  In Brown v. Board of Education, segregation was shown to create inequality, and the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation to be unconstitutional.  After the Brown v. Board of Education decision, there was a struggle to get states to implement the new policy of desegregated schools, but eventually they were compelled to do so.

from the religious point of view, the conflicts began because of the enmity between catholic and protestants. in 1649, at the insistence of baltimore, the colonial assembly approved the act of religious tolerance, the first law in the colonies granting freedom of worship, though only for christians. in 1654, however, with the protestants of maryland in the majority, the act was revoked. the almost civil war broke out and order was not restored until 1658, when lord baltimore was returned to power.

on the issue of class conflict, the chesapeake region offered few economic opportunities to contract employees who had served their term of obligation. even with the small amount of capital needed to grow tobacco, former hired servants at best became subsistence farmers, a mature class for those called to rebellion, such as those proposed by nathaniel bacon. as the number of new hired workers declined because of limited chances of progress and reports of severe treatment, they were replaced by african slaves.

from the racial point of view, after 1660, the chesapeake colonies imposed laws that defined slavery as a lifelong and hereditary condition based on race. this made slaves profitable because planters could rely not only on their work but also on their children. the slave population, which numbered four thousand in virginia and maryland in 1675, grew significantly by the end of the century.