Officials who are appointed by senior judges to hear less serious cases are called

The correct answer, depending on your jurisdiction, is magistrate judges.

Magistrate judges can handle most aspects of the court process, with the exception of a criminal felony trial. They are often used in the initial stages of court proceedings as bail is set and terms are agreed upon by attorneys.

most are appointed by the president and confirmed by a vote in the senate. however, appeals court judges appoint federal bankruptcy judges, and district judges appoint federal magistrate judges. the qualifications for these positions vary depending on the preferences of the person reviewing nominees.

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