By the end of the civil war, whose power did many individuals need protection

I'm not sure if this is exactly what you're looking for because their are so many answers but-Many individuals needed protection of individual liberties from the national government.

bloodiest single day of war   |   gettysburg

where the civil war ends for good   | appomattox court house

the first major land battle; south wins | bull run/manassas (va)

gives union control of the mississippi river |   vicksburg

lee’s first tactical defeat; big win for union |   fort sumter1

with lincoln's re-election |   atlanta

south wins

splits confederacy in two for the duration of the war,

antietam