Why did japanese soldiers kill so many civilians in nanking china

Commanders encouraged their soldiers to be as brutal as possible. American battle casualities estimated at 49,151, including 12,500 killed or missing. Japanese soldiers killed were about 60,000.

Commanders encouraged their soldiers to be as brutal as possible.

Explanation:

the graph shows the spread of railways in the 1800s.

based on the graph, the conclusion that can be drawn about germany is answer d)   by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.