True or false 1. spain was england's biggest rival for dominance in north america. 2. france gave up just one colony in the treaty of paris of 1763.

1.True

"Rival Land Claims. England, France, and the Netherlands became early rivals of Spain in colonizing the North American continent," as stated by https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/parallel-histories-spain/history3.html, which means that england was in fact the first biggest rival in the North American continent.

2.False

"The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there," as stated by https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/treaty-of-paris, meaning not just one colony, but all colonies.

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independent innovation during the abbasid caliphate

martin luther believed that selling indulgences was wrong and gave people a license to sin. the roman catholic church used the practice of indulgences to raise money for major building projects.