The federalists and anti-federalists argued primarily over which issue?
a. the political representation of southern slaves
b. fair state representation in the national congress
c. the new role for a limited monarchy for foreign affairs
d. the range of power handed to the national government e. the ability of the judicial branch to validate new laws

d. the range of power handed to the national government.

Explanation:

The main issue that divided the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists was the ratification of the Constitution. This was due to a deep disagreement when it came to the role of the national government, and the question of how much power this should have. On the one hand, the Federalists believed that the federal government should have significant power, and should be able to maintain the stability of the Union. On the other hand, the Anti-federalists worried that such power might lead to despotism, and instead wanted most power to be handed to the states.

the correct answer is "pioneers carried all of their possessions on long and dangerous trails".

the first wave of pioneers travelled in 1842. they were merely 100 people. the next year that sum climbed to 1000 men, women, and children. these people travelled around 2,000 miles to oregon in the hopes of a better life. although the first part of the trip didn't present many obstacles, as time and miles went by they learnt that threat came from simple things, like becoming ill due to unclean water or bad food.

the weather didn't much, as wagons couldn't protect them from storms. as they travelled through the desert, the intense heat caused wood to shrink. their own lips abscessed and split because of the dry air. the only cure for this was to rub axle grease on their lips.

even crossing rivers was dangerous. sometimes wheels were damaged by unseen rocks on shallow water. mud didn't much either. pioneers were afraid of indian attacks, but there aren't many records of fights between pioneers and native americans. accidents happened because of negligence, exhaustion, guns, and bad weather.

history says that 1 of 10 pioneers who travelled to oregon didn't survive the journey. diseases spread fastly because they didn't have doctors and medical care was ofently improvised. one of the most deadly diseases they came upon was cholera, which became a worldwide pandemia.