“the centennial high school parking lot is five blocks down from the softball field.” these directions are an example of describing a place by giving its location.

Relative

Explanation:

In the description given there is an example of relative location because it is not providing the absolute location (its fixed point). A relative location gives a reference to an absolute location o landmark. For example, by indicating a signboard which shows the direction and distance of an absolute location.

norsemen from northern countries had made earlier journeys

i think the answer is b.