Some critics of mandela predicted that as president he would replace white oppression with black opposition . how did mandela answer thes critics on this speech?

i think its the outcome of people's preferences.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts