What made the french economy so weak by the 1860s?

For the 1860-1913 era, Angus Maddison gives growth rates for 12 Western advanced countries-10 in Europe plus the United States and Canada.In terms of per capita growth, France was about average. This is why

the phenomenon that would be cited as evidence of increased economic interdependence between europe and the americas is  the development of mercantilism.

this theory suggests that the wealth of a country depends on its economic assets, or capital.

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sitting in that one chair where he could get shot at was his worst decision.